The Chronicle of Melrose Abbey: summary and translation of London, British Library Cotton MS Julius B XIII, ff. 2–47

The Chronicle of Melrose Abbey: A Digital Edition, https://melrosechronicle.gla.ac.uk

The ‘Chronicle of Melrose’ is 120 folios currently divided into two separate bound volumes: British Library Cotton MS Julius B XIII, ff. 2–47; and British Library Cotton MS Faustina B IX, ff. 2–75. It was created and maintained by many scribes at Melrose Abbey across the 12th and 13th centuries.

Abridgement of the history of Roger of WaldenJT: For an explanation of the confusion with this title, see Harrison, ‘Hugh of Saint-Victor’s Chronicle’, pp. 269–70. For Roger of Walden, archbishop of Canterbury and bishop of London (d. 1406), see https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/28445. Prologue to Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum) Edited by William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 486–92: 488 line 1 to 489 line 28. The edition is based on the text in Paris, Bibliothèque nationale MS 15009, ff. 1r–40v (V), collated with Bibliothèque nationale MS 13409, ff. 1r–27r (C); Bibliothèque nationale MS 14872, ff. 49r–86v (W); Valenciennes, Bibliothèque municipale MS 542, ff. 1r–54r (L); Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Codices latini monacenses 2, ff. 88r–111r (M); Boulogne-sur-Mer, Bibliothèque municipale MS 128, ff. 1r–46r (B); Douai, Bibliothèque municipale MS 364 (now Bibliothèque Marceline Desbordes-Valmore, assuming the MS was among the 6000 in the cellar that survived the library’s destruction on 11 August 1944) (D), ff. 103v–33r. Translated by Mary J. Carruthers, The Book of Memory: A Study of Memory in Medieval Culture, 2nd edition (Cambridge, 2008), Appendix A (pp. 339–44). Book of the Priory of St James of Est [Deeping]   [continued] Prologue to Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum) Edited by William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 486–92: 489 line 28 to 490 lines 21–22. Translated by Mary J. Carruthers, The Book of Memory: A Study of Memory in Medieval Culture, 2nd edition (Cambridge, 2008), Appendix A (pp. 339–44).  [continued] Prologue to Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum) Edited by William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 486–92: 490 line 22 to 491 line 23. Translated by Mary J. Carruthers, The Book of Memory: A Study of Memory in Medieval Culture, 2nd edition (Cambridge, 2008), Appendix A (pp. 339–44).  [continued] Prologue to Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum) Edited by William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 486–92: 491 line 23 to 492 line 5. Translated by Mary J. Carruthers, The Book of Memory: A Study of Memory in Medieval Culture, 2nd edition (Cambridge, 2008), Appendix A (pp. 339–44).  Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Creation Lines 1–7, central two columns: the seven days of creation (summarising the Book of Genesis, chapter 1). Edited by G. A. Zinn, Jr., ‘The Influence of Hugh of St. Victor’s Chronicon on the Abbreviationes Chronicorum by Ralph of Diceto’, Speculum 52 (1977) 38–61, at 44. Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Restoration (Hebrew chronology) Unedited. Four columns, introduced (in red ink) as Restauratio secundum Hebraicam ueritatem, ‘Restoration according to Hebrew truth’, headed by Ab initio (listing numbers of years ‘from the beginning’), homo (heading a list of personal names, beginning with Adam), genuit (‘begat’), and uixit (‘lived’). After eleven lines of names and figures, it is stated (in red ink) [P]rima etas continens annos imdclv (‘The First Age comprises 1,655 years’). After nine more lines of names and figures, it is stated (in red ink, in the last line of the page) Secunda etas continens annos ccxcii (‘The Second Age comprises 292 years’).   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Restoration (Hebrew chronology) Unedited. Continuation of Restauratio secundum Hebraicam ueritatem, ‘Restoration according to Hebrew truth’, in four columns headed (in red) by Ab initio (listing numbers of years ‘from the beginning’), homo (heading a list of personal names, beginning with Adam), genuit (‘begat’), and uixit (‘lived’). The first seven lines run from Abraham to Moses. The four columns are then headed (in red) Ab initio (‘from the beginning’), iudices (‘judges’), prefuerunt (‘presided’, giving numbers of years) and ab Abraham, giving numbers of years ‘from Abraham’. Sixteen judges are listed from Moses to Samuel. The four columns are then relabelled (in red) Ab initio (‘from the beginning’), reges (‘kings’), regnauerunt (‘ruled’) and ab Abraham, giving numbers of years ‘from Abraham’. Only one king, [S]aul, is listed before it is stated (in red ink) [T]ercia etas continens annos dcccc xl ii (‘The Third Age comprises 942 years’) across three columns; the fourth column is headed (in red) a Dauid (‘from David’). Five kings are listed ([D]auid, Salomon, Roboam, Abia, Asa). After David, the heading of a fifth column is added, Reges Ierosolim (‘kings of Jerusalem’); under this there are the names of three kings with a number each (the length of their reign).   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Restoration (Hebrew chronology) Unedited. The lists of kings of Judah and Jerusalem continues in six columns: the first four columns are headed (in red) Ab initio (‘from the beginning’), Reges (‘kings’), regnauerunt (years ‘reigned’), and a Dauid (years ‘from David’). The fifth and sixth columns have no heading: these continue the names of kings of Jerusalem and their reign-lengths. Fifteen kings of Judah are listed, and sixteen kings of Jerusalem. A later scribe has altered the ab initio figure in the first column opposite Ioas king of Judah: this originally read m’.cc. (1200); the first c has been erased and x added, changing the figure to m’.c.x (1110). In line 16 it is stated (in red ink) Quarta etas continens annos cccclxxiii (‘The Fourth Age comprises 473 years’). From this point there are only four columns. Line 17 refers to the Babylonian Exile; from line 18 the four columns are headed [A]b initio (‘from the beginning’), Sacerdotes (‘priests’), post trans and migrationem; the third column gives the number of years after the Exile, and the fourth column the number of years each high priest was in office. In the left margin the missing initial letters of [A]b initio and the first high priest, [I]esus, have been supplied by a later scribe.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Restoration (Hebrew chronology) Unedited. Continues with four columns headed ab initio (‘from the beginning’), Sacerdotes (‘priests’), post trans and migrationem; the third column, however, now gives the number of years each high priest was in office, and the fourth column the years after the Exile (rather than the other way round, as in f. 5r. After listing eleven priests (finishing with Herodes rex, ‘King Herod’), it is stated (in red) [Q]uinta etas finitur continens annos dlxxxv (‘The Fifth Age is completed, comprising 585 years’). In the next line (in red) we are told: Iesus Christus filius dei in Bethleem Iude nascitur (‘Jesus Christ is born in Bethlehem of Judea’). Herod and his successors, up to Agrippa rex, are listed in the second column in next five lines; the first column continues with the total number years from the beginning of Creation, the third column with each ruler’s reign-length, and the fourth column the number of years since the birth of Christ (although this is not stated explicitly). This is followed in the next line (line 19) by a statement (in red): Hic Iudeorum regnum finitus est anno iio Vespasiani et Titi imperatorum, post natiuitatem Christi anno lxxiio (‘Here the kingdom of the Jews came to an end in the second year of the emperors Vespasian and Titus, and the 72nd year after the birth of Christ’). This is followed by passages of explanatory prose and lists of non-Jewish rulers, beginning [M]odo narrabo quemadmodum secundum prescriptam annorum seriem, edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 8–18. The rest of f. 5v corresponds with what is found in p. 7 of Mortensen’s primary MS (Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek Msc. Patr. 21, pp. 1–72; in his edition this is collated with Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Codices latini monacenses 2, ff. 88r–111r): Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor’, 8. From the origin of the world as far as Christ following the Hebrew truth, 3,947 [years]   Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Kingdoms of the world Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, at 8–18. The extent of the lists corresponds with p.8 of Mortensen’s primary MS (Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor’, 8–9). Omitted initial letters of the names of the kings on the first line are supplied by a later scribe (b for Belus in the left margin, and e and d for Egialeus and Dinastia in the right margin).   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Kingdoms of the world Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 8–18. The extent of the lists corresponds with p.9 of Mortensen’s primary MS (Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor’, 9–11). In the first column, in the sentence before the title Medorum (in red), a later scribe has supplied a missing majuscule R (in [R]egnum) and, in the next line, added anno (superscript, with a carat underneath) between ab and vii. (Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor’, 10, column 1, reads ab anno vii.) Perhaps the same scribe added R (in Remenses), the first name in the third column.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Kingdoms of the world Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 8–18. The second and third columns correspond with p.10 of Mortensen’s primary MS. The first column goes further than first eight kings (all called Ptolemy) under the name Lagide (‘Lagid’ dynasty, an alternative name for the Ptolemaic dynasty), and includes the four rulers (ending with Cleopatra) in the first column of p.11 in Mortensen’s primary MS (under the title Lagide in Egypto) (Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor’, 10–12). Omitted initial letters (ce in the right margin) in the name of the first king [Ce]crops in the second column are supplied by a later scribe.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Kingdoms of the world Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 8–18. The extent of the lists corresponds almost exactly with p.11 of Mortensen’s primary MS, in four columns: the exception is the four Ptolemaic rulers who appeared in the first column of f. 7r rather than here (Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor’, 12–14). R and r have been added by a later scribe in the left margin opposite [R]eges and [r]egnum in the first column.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Kingdoms of the world Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 8–18. The extent of the lists in four columns corresponds with p.12 of Mortensen’s primary MS (Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor’, 15–16). In the right margin, opposite the fourth lines from the bottom, a later scribe has added Reges n[umidie] (cropped: see Reges Numidie in Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor’, 16 column 3), preceded with a sign which is also found inserted before Galla (with two marks above the G) in the third column.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Kingdoms of the world Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 8–18. The extent of the lists (the third, a list of Roman consuls is spread over two columns) corresponds with p.13 of Mortensen’s primary MS (Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor’, 17–18).   Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Creation & Restoration (Septuagint chronology) Unedited. Lines 1–7 in the first two columns are entitled Condicio (the Creation); the rest of the first two columns is headed Secundum lxx interpretes (‘Following the Septuagint interpretation’) with homo (heading a list of personal names, beginning with Adam), genuit (‘begat’, with a list of numbers), and in the second ruled column, uixit (‘lived’, with a list of numbers). After 11 lines it is stated Prima etas annos iimccxlii continens (‘The First Age comprises 2,242 years’, in red ink except for cc). After 10 more names are listed in the first column, it is stated across the foot of the first and second columns, Secunda etas annos imlxxii continens (‘The Second Age comprises 1,072 years’). The third column lists names from Abraham to Samuel, then King Saul followed by Tercia etas dccccxlii (‘Third Age 942’, all but the final two minims are in red ink). The list of kings continues for the rest of the third column and onto the fourth until (line 10), Quarta etas cccclxxxiiii (‘Fourth Age 484’). This is followed by Transmigratio lxx (‘Exile: 70’) and 22 names.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Creation & Restoration (Septuagint chronology) Unedited. The first two columns list names and reign-lengths; after four lines it is stated Quinta etas dlxxxvi annos continens (‘The Fifth Age consists of 586 years’), followed in the next line by Iesus Christus natus est (‘Jesus Christ was born’), five more names (beginning with Herod and ending with Agrippa), and finis regnum Iudeorum (‘the end of the kingdom of the Jews’). The top part of the right half of the page is a passage explaining the inclusion of the alternative chronology according to the Septuagint. The remainder of the first and second columns, spilling into the third, are a listing of descendants of Adam as far as Noah, and then descendants of the three sons of Noah. From the origin of the world as far as Christ following the Septuagint interpretation, 5,326 years Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. This folio’s original position was between ff. 15 and 16 (see the quire signature, ‘B7’). It was bound next to its bifolio partner (f. 11) and there foliated as ‘12’.     [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. This folio’s original position was between ff. 15 and 16 (see the quire signature, ‘B7’). It was bound next to its bifolio partner (f. 11) and there foliated as ‘12’. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Lists of Hebrew names Unedited. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 492, refers to the next section (ff. 10r–16r) as: ‘Miscellaneous lists of Hebrew names. From the Old Testament are taken the genealogies of the patriarchs, kings of Edom, heads of the twelve tribes, the twelve spies, twenty-four chiefs of the sanctuary, twenty-four singers of the temple, David’s mighty men, forty-two encampments in the wilderness, and forty-eight cities of Levites. The high priests, Maccabees, and Herods named in group ii are again listed, and the books of the Bible are classified as in Didascalicon, iv, 2’. Green lists the places in the Bible that this is drawn from: Genesis iv, x, xi, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvi, xxxvi, xlvi; Exodus vi, xviii, xxxi; Num. i, xiii, xxvi, xxxiii; Josh. xxi; II Sam. iii, xxiii; II Kings xxiii.; I Chron. ii, iii, vi, vii, xi xxiv, xxv, xxvi. Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Geographical names Edited by R. Baron,‘Hugues de Saint-Victor lexicographe. Trois texts inédits’, Cultura Neolatina 16 (1956) 109–45, at 139–45. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 493, refers to the next section (ff. 17r–18r) as: ‘Geographical names. There are lists of countries and provinces of Asia, Africa, and Europe, also of mountains, rivers, islands and cities (including twelve named Alexandria). The same lists are given in the third book of the Excerptiones’ (PL, clxxvii, 209–16).   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Geographical names Edited by R. Baron,‘Hugues de Saint-Victor lexicographe. Trois texts inédits’, Cultura Neolatina 16 (1956) 109–45, at 139–45. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 493, refers to the next section (ff. 17r–18r) as: ‘Geographical names. There are lists of countries and provinces of Asia, Africa, and Europe, also of mountains, rivers, islands and cities (including twelve named Alexandria). The same lists are given in the third book of the Excerptiones’ (PL, clxxvii, 209–16).   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Geographical names Edited by R. Baron,‘Hugues de Saint-Victor lexicographe. Trois texts inédits’, Cultura Neolatina 16 (1956) 109–45, at 139–45. William M. Green, ‘Hugo of St Victor De tribus maximis circumstantiis gestorum’, Speculum 18 (1943) 484–93, at 493, refers to the next section (ff. 17r–18r) as: ‘Geographical names. There are lists of countries and provinces of Asia, Africa, and Europe, also of mountains, rivers, islands and cities (including twelve named Alexandria). The same lists are given in the third book of the Excerptiones’ (PL, clxxvii, 209–16).   Blank page, ruled in four columns.   Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Table of popes Unedited. Lists of names with lengths in office in years, months and days.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Table of popes Unedited. Lists of names with lengths in office in years, months and days.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Table of popes Unedited. Lists of names with lengths in office in years, months and days.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Table of popes Unedited. Lists of names with lengths in office in years, months and days.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Table of popes Unedited. Lists of names with lengths in office in years, months and days.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Table of popes Unedited. Lists of names with lengths in office in years, months and days.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Table of popes Unedited. Lists of names with lengths in office in years, months and days.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Table of popes Unedited. Lists of names with lengths in office in years, months and days.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Table of popes Unedited. Lists of names with lengths in office in years, months and days.   Blank page, ruled.   Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Tables of rulers since the time of Christ Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 19–30. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Tables of rulers since the time of Christ Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 19–30. At this time Pope Celestine sent Palladius to the Scots believing at that time [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Tables of rulers since the time of Christ Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 19–30. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Tables of rulers since the time of Christ Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 19–30. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Tables of rulers since the time of Christ Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 19–30. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Tables of rulers since the time of Christ Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 19–30. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Tables of rulers since the time of Christ Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 19–30. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Tables of rulers since the time of Christ First column. Edited by Lars Boje Mortensen, ‘Hugh of St Victor on secular history. A preliminary edition of chapters from his Chronica’, Cahiers de l’Institut du Moyen-Âge Grec et Latin, 62 (1992) 3–30, 19–30. Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Names of historiographers Second column. Thirty-two names are listed. Edited by Julian Harrison, ‘Hugh of Saint-Victor’s Chronicle in the British Isles’, in Rainer Berndt (ed.), Schrift, Schreiber, Schenker: Studien zur Abtei Sankt Viktor in Paris und den Viktorinern, Corpus Victorinum, Instrumenta, 1 (Berlin, 2005), pp. 263–92, at pp. 290–92.   Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. From hereDB: I.e., AD 249. as far as the year [7]31, there is no cont[inuance in] the following materials, but it is interrupted, [for] 3600 and [?] of years [?] 84 yearsDB: Reading this as Hoc usque ad annum [dc]cxxxmium nulla [in] sequentibus est conti[nuatio] set interrumpitur [a]d iiimdcorum ⁊ [ ] annorum [ ] lxxxiiii anni. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. Here two popes are absent, i.e., Paul and Stephen, and Nicholas Benedict is not in his place.   [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. [continued] Hugh of Saint-Victor’s ‘Chronicle’ (De tribus maximis circumstantis gestorum): Chronological table of popes and emperors since the time of Christ Edited by GW[aitz], ‘Chronica quae dicitur Hugonis de Sancto Victore’, apud Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, xxiv (Hanover, 1879), pp. 88–101. In the year in which almighty God deigned for the sake of mankind to become a man, Octavian Caesar, second Augustus of the Romans, caused the whole of the world to be taxed in the 42nd year of his reign. In the 2nd year of the Lord’s incarnation, infants in the territory of Bethlehem were slaughtered by Herod because of Christ. In the 3rd year of the Lord, John son of Zebedee is born of the sister [of Jesus]’s mother. In the 4th year In the 5th year In the 6th year, Herod, killer of infants, perished, wasting to death from dropsy, and teeming with maggots; and Archelaus his son reigned instead of him. In the 7th year In the 8th year In the 9th year In the 10th year In the 11th year In the 12th year Jesus went up with his parents on the ceremonial day of Passover in the Lord’s temple in Jerusalem. As they are departing, the boy Jesus stayed on in Jerusalem without their knowledge. They returned, however, and, searching [for him], he was found after three days in the temple among the rabbis, listening to them, and asking questions; they indeed were astonished by his exceeding wisdom and replies. In the 13th [year] In the 14th [year] In the 15th [year] In the 16th [year], when Octavius Caesar Augustus had reigned for 56 years and 6 months, Tiberius his stepson succeeded [as emperor]: he is the son of his wife Livia from her previous husband. In the same year before Augustus died, Archelaus was denounced to Augustus and banished to Vienne, and instead of him his four brothers—Herod, Antipater, Lisias, Philip—are appointed tetrarchs.DB: I.e., rulers of the kingdom divided into four parts. In the 17th [year] In the 18th [year] In the 19th [year] In the 20th [year] In the 21st [year] In the 22nd [year] In the 23rd [year] In the 24th [year] In the 25th [year] In the 26th [year] In the 27th [year] Pilate was sent by Tiberius Caesar to Judea: he is made governor of that region. In the 28th [year] In the 29th [year] Herod the tetrarch founds the cities of Tiberias and Livias in honour of Tiberius Caesar ¶and his mother Livia. In the 30th [year] In the 31st [year] John son of Zacharias baptised the son of God in the Jordan. In the 32nd [year] In the 33rd [year] John the Baptist, and precursor of the Lord, is beheaded by Herod the tetrarch. In the 34th [year] the Jews, under Pontius Pilate as governor, fixed Christ to a cross, who indeed rose up from the dead on the third day, ascending victorious to the heavens on the day of his ascension, sending the Holy Spirit upon the disciples on the day of Pentecost. The apostles, with the aim of preaching the word of the Lord throughout the regions of Judea, ordained James brother of the Lord [bishop]DB: Episcopum (‘bishop’) has been omitted, or is taken to be understood: CM (ed. Mommsen, §274) includes ‘bishop’ (Iacobum fratrem Domini Hierosolimis ordinant episcopum). of Jerusalem, and seven ¶deacons. In the 35th [year] Stephen, the most blessed proto-martyr of Christ, was stoned by the Jews, and the church is scattered throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria. In the 36th [year] Saul, who is also Paul, making a journey and approaching Damascus, carrying out the [policy of] persecution against Christians—suddenly awestruck and blinded with a heavenly light—is selected at once by the Lord as [His] chosen instrument, DB: Uas electionis (Christ’s ‘chosen instrument’) derives ultimately from Acts 9:15: Dixit autem ad eum Dominus: Uade, quoniam uas electionis est mihi iste, ut portet nomen meum coram gentibus, et regibus, et filiis Israel, ‘Then the Lord said to him [Ananias]: Go, for this one is an instrument chosen by me to convey my name before nations and kings and the sons of Israel’: http://www.sacredbible.org/studybible/NT-05_Acts.htm#9, [accessed 17 April 2023]. It would have been well known as a phrase applied to St Paul in particular (for example, in chants on his feast day or the feast of his conversion: this accounts for nearly all the 49 examples listed in the Cantus Index (Online Catalogue for Mass and Office Chants), searching ‘vas electionis’: https://cantusindex.org/ [accessed 16 May 2023]. and with his whole heart ¶is converted to the Lord. In the 37th [year] In the 38th [year] In the 39th [year], when Tiberius Caesar had reigned for 23 years, Gaius surnamed Caligula succeeded [as emperor], who reigned for three years and more than a half. In his time Matthew wrote a gospel in Judea. In the 40th [year] Agrippa surnamed Herod son of Aristobulus, son of Herod I, is appointed to the kingdom of the Jews after Herod the tetrarch his paternal uncle was denounced to Gaius; and Herod the tetrarch, fleeing to Spain, ¶dies of grief with Herodias. In the 41st [year] Pilate, who had pronounced the sentence of condemnation on Christ, was oppressed by such pressure imposed by Gaius that he did away with himself by his own hand. Gaius Caesar, representing himself with reckless presumption as among the gods, violated the holy places of the Jews with the stain of idols. Matthew wrote a gospel ¶in Judea. In the 42nd [year] In the 43rd [year], when Gaius Caesar had reigned for 3 years 10 months and 8 days, Claudius succeeded as emperor and reigned for almost 15 years. In his time Mark wrote a gospel, which was in Rome; Peter preached in Egypt, on being sent there. In the 44th [year] In the 45th [year] In the 46th [year] a great famine arose, which Luke records that Agabus prophesied. DB: The mention of Agabus suggests that this is an example of the Bible itself as a potential direct source (Acts 11:28, et surgens unus ex eis nomine Agabus, significabat per Spiritum famem magnam futuram in uniuerso orbe terrarum, quæ facta est sub Claudio, ‘And one of them, named Agabus, rising up, signified through the Spirit that there was going to be a great famine over the entire world, which happened under Claudius’: http://www.sacredbible.org/studybible/NT-05_Acts.htm#11 [accessed 17 April 2023]), rather than CM (ed. Mommsen, §285: Quarto Claudi anno fames grauissima, cuius Lucas meminit, facta est, ‘In Claudius’s fourth year the most dreadful famine occurred, which Luke recalled’). The emperor Claudius, the first to go to Britain after Julius Caesar, subjugated the greater part of the island without a battle. He even imposed his authority on the Orkney islands. And within six months he returned triumphant. It is said that the city of Chester in Britain was founded at that time by Claudius. In the 47th [year] Herod Agrippa, who had killed the blessed James brother of John, perished, struck by an angel. Agrippa his son succeeded him, and reigned for 24 years, up to the exile of the Jews. In the 48th [year] In the 49th [year] In the 50th [year] In the 51st [year] Claudius expelled the rebellious Jews from Rome, which indeed Luke discloses. In the 52nd [year] a great famine gripped Rome. In the 53rd [year] In the 54th [year] In the 55th [year] In the 56th [year] In the 57th [year] In the 58th [year], when Claudius had reigned for 14 years and 8 months, Nero succeeded [as emperor], who reigned for nearly 14 years. He ventured absolutely nothing in the military sphere: he almost lost Britain. James brother of the Lord is stoned by the Jews, or thrown down from the temple, taking revenge on him because they were unable to kill Paul. In the 59th [year] Festus succeeded Felix as governor of Judea, by whom Paul, vanquished, is sent to Rome. The blessed apostle Peter first enters the city of Rome. In the 60th [year] In the 61st year ¶The blessed martyrs Felix and Constantia suffered for Christ at Nocero. DB: Niceriam in the manuscript. Usuard’s martyrology (19 September: ed. Dubois, 305) has Nuceriam (modern Nocera in South-West Italy). In the 62nd year ¶St Front was ordained by the blessed Peter [to be] bishop at the city of Périgueux, coming DB: The phrase ad predictam ciuitatem (‘to that city’) in Usuard’s martyrology (25 October: ed. Dubois, 328) has been omitted. with a priest, Gregory,DB: St Front’s companion is identified as George (reputed to be first bishop of Le Puy) in Usuard’s martyrology (25 October: ed. Dubois, 328). who was brought back from death to the pathway of fellowship by the apostle’s staff: he [St Front] converted a great crowd of the people [there] to Christ. About this time, the blessed apostle Paul, proceeding to Spain for the purpose of preaching, DB: The rather wordy translation here is an attempt to reflect the Latin prose (ad Yspanias predicandi gratia pergens), where gratia seems superfluous. (For gratia (ablative) as a preposition with the genitive, see DMLBS, gratia, 20.) left Paul the disciple ordained as bishop of Narbonne. After filling the task of preaching energetically, he rested there, crowned illustrious by miracles. In the 63rd year ¶At about this time, the blessed apostle Paul ordained his disciple St Trophimus, [who] he mentioned in a letter, writing to Timothy; DB: Paul’s second letter to Timothy, chapter 4 verse 20. the first bishop of the city of Arles. As Pope Zozimus wrote, ‘from his spring, all Gaul received streams of faith’.DB: The quotation is from the letter of Pope Zozimus (417–418) establishing Arles as metropolitan with jurisdiction over Vienne and Narbonne (PL, xx, 642–5), where he says (at 643), ex cuius fonte totæ Galliæ fidei rivulos acceperunt (note plural fonte totæ Galliæ … acceperunt where the Chronicle of Melrose has singular fonte tota Gallia … accepit). Also, blessed Crescens, disciple of the same, undertaking the passage to Gaul, converted many to the faith of Christ by the word of [his] preaching. In the 64th year In the 65th year the evangelist Mark passed away to the Lord. ¶The blessed martyrs Processus and Martinian, baptised by the blessed apostle Peter, are crowned with martyrdom under Nero, killed in the end by the sword after they had suffered bruising of the mouth, the rack, thongs, cudgels, fire, [and] whips. DB: An example of an almost exactly verbatim similarity with Usuard’s martyrology (2 July: ed. Dubois, 260). In the 66th year In the 67th year ¶About this time the blessed apostles Peter and Paul were held for nine months in the Mamertine prison. There the blessed Peter baptised 47 martyrs, who—all for the confession of the faith—passed away to Christ, devoured by the Nero-like sword. In the 68th year ¶Albinus succeeds Festus to the magistracy of Judea, and Florus Albinus. Because of his wantonness and greed, … In the 69th year … and other disgraceful deeds, the Jews rebelled against the Romans. Vespasian, Nero’s military commander, who was sent against them, took a great many cities of Judea. In the 70th year Peter and Paul suffered [martyrdom] under Nero. Nero himself, however, died the same year, when he had ruled for 13 years, and Vespasian,DB: ‘Vespanian’ in the manuscript. commander of his [Nero’s] own military forces, succeeded him: Vespasian—sent by him—was at that time fighting the Jews. He, however, was made emperor by the army: entrusting the war to his son Titus, he returned to Rome via Alexandria. Linus succeeded Peter in the papacy. In the 71st year Titus, son of Vespasian,DB: ‘Vespanian’ in the manuscript. with Jerusalem destroyed, razed the temple to the ground, 1,089 years after it was first built; and in destroying Jerusalem he killed eleven times a hundred thousand Jews, [and] publicly sold a hundred thousand. This war was accomplished in four years: two while Nero was living, and two more afterwards. In the 72nd year ¶The blessed Apollinaris, who had been ordained bishop by the blessed apostle Peter at Rome and sent to Ravenna; after he endured different and numerous wounds for the faith of Christ, he at last, however, in the midst of his undergoing these tortures one after another, completed a glorious martyrdom under Vespasian Caesar. In the 73rd year In the 74th year ¶Vespasian among his other great deeds—besides in his private life—clashed with the enemy three times in Germany and then twice in Britain when sent by Claudius: he added to the Roman empire two exceptionally powerful peoples, twenty towns, and also the Isle of Wight near Britain. Colossus DB: A giant statue erected in Rhodes; it had earlier fallen down during an earthquake. is erected, having a height of 107 feet.   In the 75th year In the 76th year In the 77th year In the 78th year In the 79th year, when Vespasian had reigned for 9 years, 11 months and 22 days, his son Titus succeeded [as emperor]: a man with every admirable ability, who reigned for 2 years and as many months. He built Rome’s amphitheatre: at its dedication he killed 5,000 wild animals. In the 80th year In the 81st year, when Titus had reigned for two years and as many months, Domitian his brother succeeded [as emperor], and reigns for 13 years and a half. He, second after Nero, persecutes Christians. Under him the apostle John is banished to the island of Patmos; it is also said that this John had been dropped into a vat of boiling oil. DB: In CM (ed. Mommsen, §303), it is explained that John (the Devine) emerged from the burning oil unscathed; this incident is not an alternative version of how he met his end (as might be inferred from the way this item is expressed in the Chronicle of Melrose). In the 82nd year Pope Linus is crowned as a martyr, and Cletus is elected into the papal see. In the 83rd year In the 84th year ¶The blessed Nichomedes the priest suffered martyrdom for Christ. In the 85th year In the 86th year In the 87th year In the 88th year In the 89th year In the 90th year In the 91st year In the 92nd year In the 93rd year In the 94th year, after Domitian—who reigned for 13 years and 5 months—Nerva succeeded, going on to reign for one year and four months. In his first edict he called back all exiles. And as a result of this, the apostle John   returned to Ephesus, and immediately wrote a gospel. In the same year Pope Cletus had been crowned a martyr by the same Domitian; Clement succeeded him. ¶The blessed Victorinus, bishop of the city of AmiternaDB: Amiterninę in the manuscript. Usuard’s martyrology (5 September: ed. Dubois, 297) has Amiternae, and refers to Amiterna (or Amiternum), an ancient city in Abruzzo, central Italy. for Christ ¶suffered martyrdom. In the 95th year, with Nerva weakened, Trajan succeeded him, and reigns for 19 years and 5 months. Although a pagan, he plucked out his own eye for the sake of justice; also the blessed Gregory called him back from hell. Even so, under his persecution, Pope Clement was cast into the sea. In the 96th year In the 97th year In the 98th year In the 99th year ¶The blessed Evodius, ordained by the apostles first bishop of Antioch after the apostle Peter, finished life by a glorious martyrdom at the same city. In the 100th year In the 101st year John, the blessed apostle and evangelist, rested in the Lord from the calm sleep of death. In the 102nd year ¶Under Trajan’s persecution, the blessed Ignatius, the third bishop of the Antiochan church after Peter, becomes a martyr of Christ: led to Rome, he was ground into bits by the teeth of lions in the presence of that tyrant and the whole senate of Rome. DB: The scribe has followed Usuard’s martyrology here (1 February: ed. Dubois, 172–3, abbreviated rather than verbatim), instead of the brief account of the same event in CM (ed. Mommsen, §309). In the 103rd year ¶The blessed Simon, indeed, close relative of the Saviour according to the flesh—that is, son of Cleophas—and second bishop of Jerusalem after James brother of the Lord, when he was an old man of 120 years old, bore the penalty of the cross for Christ. In the 104th year blessed Clement was cast into the sea for Christ’s sake. He ruled [as pope] for 9 years, twelve months and 11 days. DB: There is an obvious error (mensibis duodecim, ‘twelve months’) in the length of Clement’s pontificate. Liber Pontificalis (ed. Duchesne, vol.i, 123) reads sedit ann. VIIII m. II d. X. Perhaps at some stage annis ix mensibus duo decem diebus (‘9 years, 2 months and 10 days’) has been misread as if duo decem was one word (perhaps they appeared close together in the exemplar), and after this error had occurred, xi was added in order to provide a number to go with diebus. Anacletus succeeded him. In the 105th year In the 106th year In the 107th year ¶The blessed Pope Alexander, with his priests Eventius and Theodolus suffered martyrdom for Christ’s sake. He established the feast of St Peter which is called ‘in chains’, observed because he was released that day by the daughter of Quirinus the commander, Balbina, when she had kissed and removed the shackles around [his] neck—[shackles] with which St Peter was held when he had been in prison in Jerusalem. Moreover, Quirinus and his daughter Balbina afterwards incurred martyrdom illustriously for Christ.DB: The account of how Balbina, daughter of Quirinus, released Pope Alexander I from the chains worn originally by St Peter is not found in Usuard’s martyrology (see 30 March (St Quirinus), 31 March (St Balbina), 3 May (Pope Alexander): ed. Dubois, 203, 204, 223). It is, however, found in the martyrology of Ado of Vienne (d. 875) (PL, cxxiii, col.244: from Heribert Rosweyde, SJ (ed.), Martyrologium Romanum (Antwerp, 1613)), although without any striking verbal parallels with the Chronicle of Melrose. This reinforces the likelihood that a version of Usuard’s martyrology, rather than a copy of Usuard’s text itself, was one of the main sources used by the scribe. In the 108th year In the 109th year In the 110th year   In the 111th year ¶Pliny the younger, of Como, orator and historian, is held in high regard; very many of his clever works survive. ¶The Pantheon of Rome which Domitian built is burnt by a thunderbolt: it was given its name from being the dwelling-place of the gods. ¶The illustrious martyr Hermes with his sister Theodora suffered martyrdom. In the 112th year ¶The Jews, rising in rebellion, were scattered, banished, throughout diverse regions of the world. In the 113th year In the 114th year Pope Anacletus passed over to the Lord; Evaristus succeeded him. For Anacletus ruled [as pope] for 9 years, 10 months and 7 days. ¶Trajan spread the bounds of the Roman Empire far and wide: after Augustus it had been defended more than it had been nobly extended. In the 115th year, after Trajan had been thrown to hell—although later thrown back by the blessed Gregory’s intercessionDB: This refers to the legend of how Trajan was baptized (centuries after his death) by the tears shed by St Gregory, moved by Trajan’s concern while on campaign that a widow be compensated for the death of her son. See The Earliest Life of Gregory the Great, by an Anonymous Monk of Whitby, ed. Bertram Colgrave (Lawrence, Kan., 1968), pp. 126–9, 161–2; Colgrave remarks (at p. 161) that this story ‘was widely spread and gave rise to much discussion’.—Aelius Hadrian succeeded, son of Trajan’s cousin, who reigned for 21 years, under whom Pope Sixtus I suffered.DB: This brief comment anticipates the statement under AD 134 that Pope Sixtus was martyred in Hadrian’s time, as opposed to during the reign of Antonius Pius. Pope Sixtus is the only pope in this part of the Chronicle to be given a numeral; he is also ‘Sixtus I’ in AD 134. He commanded that Christians should not be condemned without accusation. The same [emperor] overcame the Jews, rebelling for a second time, with a final banishment, and drove them out completely from the land of Jerusalem; he also determined that Jerusalem itself be called Aelia from his name.DB: I.e., from Aelius (Hadrian’s first name). In the 116th year ¶The blessed Bishop Quadratus, disciple of the Apostles, by his faith and zeal gathered together the church that was scattered due to intense … In the 117th year … fear by Hadrian’s persecution; he published a book full of faith and befitting apostolic teaching for the defence of the Christian religion. In the 118th year the emperor Hadrian—most learned in both languages—erected the library of Athens, [a building] of wonderful workmanship. In the 119th year In the 120th year ¶Saint Sabrina, a virgin and most illustrious, suffered martyrdom. ¶Saint Serapia, virgin, suffered martyrdom. ¶The blessed man Aristides the Athenian, excelled in faith and wisdom: he acquired books about the Christian religion for the emperor Hadrian, and argued at length most eloquently to the same emperor in person that Jesus Christ is the only god. In the 121st year In the 122nd year In the 123rd year Pope Evaristus passed away to the Lord; the blessed Alexander succeeded him. In the 124th year ¶St Eustace suffered martyrdom for Christ with his wife and two sons.DB: The martyrdom of St Eustace (surnamed Placidas), his wife Theopiste and sons Agapios and Theopistos is noted in only some versions of Usuard’s martyrology, not the two principal recensions (the martyrologies of Florus and Adon) used by Dubois in his edition: see Le Martyrologe d’Usuard. Texte et Commentaire, ed. Jacques Dubois (Brussels, 1965), pp. 143 and 334 (2 November). In the 125th year In the 126th year In the 127th year the blessed Pope Alexander died etc., as above; the blessed Sixtus succeeded him. In the 128th year ¶Mary, a virgin, suffered in the city of Geocaesarea.DB: Modern Niksar, in the province of Tokat, Türkiye (Turkey). In the 129th year In the 130th year In the 131st year In the 132nd year In the 133rd year In the 134th year ¶According to the Martyrology the blessed Pope Sixtus I suffered in the time of the emperor Hadrian, not as written below in the time of Antonius Pius.DB: According to the martyrology of Usuard, Pope Sixtus temporibus Adriani … libenter mortem sustinuit temporalem, ‘freely suffered worldly death in the time of Hadrian’ (6 April: ed. Dubois, 207). See AD 143 (below) for the alternative view that Sixtus was martyred in the time of Antonius Pius. In Hugh of St Victor’s chronology given earlier in the manuscript (f. 29r), Sixtus becomes pope in AD 128 and is succeeded in AD 139 by Telesphorus, a year before Antonius Pius succeeds Hadrian as emperor in AD 140. In the 135th year ¶Mark is the first bishop of Jerusalem to be appointed from the gentiles, bringing to an end those who were from the Jews, who were 15 in number, who were in charge for a hundred yearsDB: The sentence is in CM (ed. Mommsen, §319), but with ‘almost a hundred and seven years’ (annos fere centum et septem) instead of ‘a hundred years’. from the Lord’s Passion. In the 136th year, after Aelius Hadrian had reigned for 21 years Antonius surnamed Pius succeeded, with his sons Aurelius and Lucius, in whose time Justin the philosopher suffered martyrdom for the defence of truth, under Pius bishop of Rome.DB: In CM (ed. Mommsen, §§321, 322) sub Pio Romę episcopo (‘under Pius bishop of Rome’) begins a new sentence, following the sentence on the martyrdom of Justin the philosopher (which is given only briefly in the Chronicle of Melrose). The punctuation in the manuscript (with enlarged H in Hermes following a punctus in the middle of the line, suggesting a longer pause), however, suggests that sub Pio Romę episcopo was understood to come at the end of the sentence on Justin’s martyrdom. Also, Hermas wrote a book which is called the Shepherd, which contains the angel’s command that Easter should be celebrated on a Sunday. Also, Polycarp, coming to Rome, warned many against the stain of heresy who had recently been corrupted by the doctrine of Valentinus and ¶Credo.DB: CM (ed. Mommsen, §323) has the same sentence, but with Cerdonis (‘of Cerdo’) rather than Credonis. Cerdo (and Valentinus) are discussed as heretics by Eusebius (see Rufinus, trans. Amidon, 152–3). In the 137th year In the 138th year ¶The blessed virgins and sisters Potentiana and Praxedes, and their father the blessed Pudens,DB: Prudens in the manuscript; the martyrology of Usuard (19 May, ed. Dubois, 232) has Pudens. According to the martyrology of Usuard, Pudens and Potentiana were martyred on the same day (19 May); Praxedes on 21 July (ed. Dubois, 270–1). gloriously overcame the secular world. In the 139th year In the 140th year ¶A.DB: CM (ed. Mommsen, §321) has the same sentence (up to ‘persecution’), but with Iustinus philosophus (‘The philosopher Justin’) instead of A. Eusebius’s history includes an account of Justin and his martyrdom because of Crescens the stoic (see Rufinus, trans. Amidon, 165–7). presented to Antoninus the book [he had] composed in favour of the Christian religion, and [it] made him [Antoninus] well disposed towards Christians; [A.] not long after [was killed] after arousing extremely intensifying persecution.DB: The translation reads oddly, partly because percrescente (translated here as ‘extremely intensifying’) is not a known word (it is in neither DMLBS or Lewis and Short), and partly because the material from CM here has been abbreviated so much that the sentence as it stands appears to be incomplete: perhaps the reader was expected to supply passus est (‘suffered’) or something similar so that ‘A.’s’ (i.e., Justin’s) martyrdom is inferred. In CM (Mommsen, §321), this passage reads: qui non longe post suscitante persecutionem Crescente cynico pro Christo sanguinem fudit, ‘who (i.e., Justin) not long after arousing persecution by the cynic Crescens, shed (his) blood for Christ’. Two stages of development from CM’s statement could explain how this passage became so awkward. The first is the addition of per (per Crescente, ‘by Crescens’, although per Crescentem would be expected grammatically); and then, perhaps because per Crescente is grammatically unusual, this could have been read as one word, percrescente (taking per to be an intensifier to crescere). Crescens is the name of an opponent of Justin who is noted in CM (derived ultimately from Eusebius) as Justin’s persecutor, leading to his martyrdom (see previous note). In the 141st year In the 142nd year In the 143rd year the blessed Pope Sixtus suffered martyrdom for Christ. In the 144th year In the 145th year In the 146th year  In the 147th year In the 148th year In the 149th year, the blessed Pope Telesphorus suffered martyrdom for Christ; Hyginus succeeded him. In the 150th year In the 151st year In the 152nd year In the 153rd year, Pope Hyginus passed over to the Lord; Pope Pius succeeded him. In the 154th year In the 155th year In the 156th year In the 157th year In the 158th year In the 159th year In the 160th year In the 161st year, Antonius surnamed Pius died when he had reigned for 21 years 3 monthsDB: Initially written ‘25’ years. CM (ed. Mommsen, §320) has 22 years 3 months (XXII an. III mensibus). and Marcus Antoninus succeeded him with his brother Lucius Aurelius Commodus. ¶The blessed Bishop Polycarp, disciple of John the apostle and after him ruler of all Asia, suffered martyrdom. Also the blessed Pionius is martyred. In Gaul also very many gloriously shed blood for Christ. Not much later, a plague—avenger of wicked deeds—ravaged many provinces extensively, Italy, and especially Rome. In the 162nd year In the 163rd year, the blessed Pius passed away to the Lord; Anicius or Anicetus succeeded him. In the 164th year ¶After his brother Commodus died, Antoninus made his son Commodus co-ruler. The AsianDB: This sentence is exactly as in CM (ed. Mommsen, §330), except that Melito (the name of the bishop of Sardis) has been omitted, leaving the epithet Asianus on its own. bishop of Sardis presented the Apology for Christians to the emperor Antoninus. In the 165th year ¶Apollinarius the Asian, of Hierapolis, and Dionysus of Corinth were regarded as illustrious bishops. ¶These emperors administered the empire first with equal right, when up to this [point] there had been individual ¶Augustuses.DB: CM (ed. Mommsen, §325) reads Hi primum aequo iurae imperium administrauerunt, cum usque ad hoc tempus singuli Augusti fuerint (‘These administered the empire first with equal right, when up to this time there had been individual Augustuses’); in the Chronicle of Melrose imperatores has been added before primum, and the omission of tempus after ad hoc leaves the reader to infer what hoc, ‘this’, refers to.   Next, a war was waged successfully against the Parthians by the bravery of Hannibal.DB: If this is a reference to Hannibal (the most famous Hannibal being the Carthaginian general who lived about four centuries earlier, who could have been known via versions of Livy’s history of Rome), it is the result of a misreading. In CM (ed. Mommsen, §326) the sentence reads: Bellum deinde contra Parthos ammirabili uirtute et felicitate gesserunt, ‘Next, a war was waged against the Parthians with wonderful bravery and success’. At some stage ammirabili has become hannibalis (i.e., Hannibalis). In the 166th year In the 167th year Eleutherius was made bishop of Rome after Soter. Lucius king of Britain sent a letter to Eleutherius; indeed, he sought and petitioned so that he might become a Christian. In the 168th year In the 169th year In the 170th year In the 171st year In the 172nd year In the 173rd year In the 174th year, after Pope Anicius passed away from this world, Soter succeeded. In the 175th year In the 176th year In the 177th year In the 178th year In the 179th year In the 180th year, when Marcus Antoninus had reigned for 19 years and one month, his son Lucius Antoninus Commodus succeeded, who previously also ruled with his father all the time after the death of Lucius Aurelius. He waged war successfully against the Germans; he otherwise devoted himself in every way to indecency and luxury, and acted without any fatherly strength of character or manner of kindness. ¶The emperor Commodus, after the head of Colossus was removed, ordered a head in his own likeness to be set on it.DB: I.e., on the headless Colossus. The sentence is exactly as in CM (ed. Mommsen, §336), and not abbreviated in any way. In the 181st year In the 182nd year, Victor succeeded Eleutherius, the 15th after Peter: Zephirinus [succeeded] Victor. According to Hugh,DB: This is not a cross-reference to Hugh of St Victor’s chronology given earlier in the manuscript: at f. 29v Eleutherius succeeds Soter in AD 184, and reigns for 15 years, 6 months and 5 or 6 days. Pope Soter died this year; Eleutherius succeeded him, holding the papacy for 15 years, 3 months [and] 5 days. In the 183rd year In the 184th year In the 185th year In the 186th year Origen is born. In the 187th year ¶Ireneus bishop of Lyon, disciple of the blessed Polycarp,DB: CM (ed. Mommsen, §335) does not refer to Ireneus as Polycarp’s disciple. It is found in Rufinus (trans. Amidon, 201). is held in high regard. In the 188th year In the 189th year In the 190th year In the 191st year In the 192nd year In the 193rd year, when Lucius Antoninus Commodus had reigned 13 years after the death of his father, Helius Pertinax succeeded, and reigns for 7 months. After he was killed by the crime of Julian the jurist, the same Julian reigns for one month. In the 194th year, after Julian was defeated at the Milvian Bridge by Severus in a civil war,DB: The idea that Severus became emperor by winning the Battle of the Milvian Bridge has been inherited from CM (ed. Mommsen, §338). It is true not of Severus, but Constantine the Great (in the year 312). and slain, the same Severus Pertinax possessed the realm for 17 years. In Britain he constructed a great and most secure structure, fortified with frequent towers, for 122,000 steps from sea to sea; and he died at York. In the 195th year In the 116th yearDB: A c has been omitted in this and the next year number, turning 196th and 197th into 116th and 117th respectively. Further along this line, a hole in the parchment has been patched before the text-block was ruled. Perhaps the patched hole distracted the scribe in some way: he also made a slip with year numbers at the same point in the verso (see AD 212). In the 117th year, after Pope Eleutherius is taken away, St Victor succeeded, holding the papacy for 10 years, 2 months [and] 10 days. After documents had been issued extensively, he determined that Easter is to be celebrated on a Sunday, just as his predecessor Eleutherius: the 14th moon at that point of the month 21.DB: This is an abbreviated version of the already compressed statement in CM (ed. Mommsen, §339): a xiiiia luna primi mensis usque in xxi, that Easter is on the Sunday ‘from the 14th moon of the first month continuing from on the 21st (of the first month)’. In other words, it is stated that Easter falls on the Sunday after the 14th moon in March (the ‘first month’), beginning on 21 March (i.e., Easter cannot be earlier than 21 March). Theophilus, bishop of CaesareaDB: Ceraseę in the Latin text. of Palestine, approving these decrees of Victor, wrote a synodical and powerfully effective letter against those who were celebrating Easter on the 14th moon, with the other bishops who were present at the same council. In the 198th year In the 199th year ¶Clement, priest of the church of Alexandria and Panthenus the Stoic philosopher debated our clearest doctrine. Narcissus bishop of Jerusalem and Theophilus of Caesarea and also Polycarp and Bacchylus were regarded outstanding bishops of the Asian province. In the persecution against Christians very many throughout different provinces, among them Leonidas father of Origen, were crowned with ¶martyrdom. In the 200th year In the 201st year In the 202nd year   In the 203rd year ¶Perpetua and Felicity were consigned to the animals in a stronghold at Carthage in Africa, ¶for Christ. In the 204th year In the 205th year In the 206th year In the 207th year In the 208th year, St Victor, pope, passed over to the Lord by martyrdom; blessed Zephyrinus succeeded him, ruling the Church for 7 years 6 months and ten days. In the 209th year In the 210th year, after Severus was overcome by the tranquillity of death when he had reigned 17 years, Antoninus surnamed Caracalla, his son, succeeds, who reigned 7 years. In the 211th year ¶When Alexander bishop of Cappadocia came to Jerusalem, [moved] by a longing for the holy sites, Narcissus, bishop of the same city, a very old man, came to him,DB: CM (ed. Mommsen, §348) reads ‘with Narcissus … was still living’ (uiuente adhus Narcisso) rather than ‘Narcissus … came to him’. and ordained him bishop there, after being advised by the Lord through a vision that it ought to be so. Tertullian Afer, son of the centurion of the proconsul, is commemorated by the message of all churches. In the 212th year In the 212th yearDB: The repeat of ‘In the year 212th year’ might perhaps be linked to the patched hole (see note on AD ‘116’ for 196). In the 213th year In the 214th year In the 215th year In the 216th year In the 217th year Antoninus Caracalla died; Macrinus succeeding him, reigned for one year. Abgar,DB: Abagarus in the manuscript; Abgarus in CM (ed. Mommsen, §351). This is probably Abgar VIII (176/7–211/12), king of Osroene (with Edessa as its capital). For this, and Julius the African’s reference to him as a ‘holy man’, see James Corke-Webster, ‘A man for the times: Jesus and the Abgar correspondence in Eusebius of Caesarea’s Ecclesiastical History’, Harvard Theological Review 110:4 (October 2017), 563–87, at 565 n.7. a holy man—as the AfricanDB: The African (Julius the African in AD 219, below) was author of a chronicle and other works, as noted by Rufinus (trans. Amidon, 266). asserted—reigned in Edessa. Macrinus is killed in a military revolt at ArchelaisDB: Modern Aksaray in Anatolia. with his son Diadumenus,DB: This is Diadumenianus: CM (ed. Mommsen, §352) also reads Diadumeno here. with whom he seized the empire. The blessed Pope Zephyrinus passed away to the Lord; the blessed Callixtus succeeded him, administering the pontificate for 6 years, 5 months and 2 ¶days. In the 218th year Marcus Aurelius Antoninus succeeded Macrinus, going on to reign for 4 years. In the 219th year ¶In Palestine, the city of Naples DB: The chronicle’s Neapolis is Naples; CM (Mommsen, 354) has Nicopolis, a town not quite 20 Roman miles west of Jerusalem (see S. Reece, ‘Seven stades to Emmaus’, New Testament Studies, 47 (2001), 262–6, at 263 (published online as vol.48:2 (April 2002) 262–6)). See also next note.—which was first called Emmaus—is founded [thanks to] the zeal of a legation taken on by Julius the African, a writer of the times, for this purpose.DB: This compressed sentence, found in CM (Mommsen, §354), originated verbatim (including the reading Nicopolis) in Eusebius’s Chronicles (PL, xxvii, 479–80 m, under the year 222). See also the History of Emmaus-Nicopolis by the Community of the Beatitudes there (https://www.emmaus-nicopolis.org/english/history-of-emmaus/late-roman-period [accessed 24 May 2023]). This is Emmaus which,   as Luke relates, the Lord deigned to sanctify with his entrance after the resurrection. Bishop Hyppolitus, creator of many minor works, delivered the law of time up to this point.DB: The end of this sentence reads temporum canonem hucusque perduxit; CM (ed. Mommsen, §355) includes quem scripsit between canonem and hucusque, making it that this rule was written by Hyppolitus. Indeed he, devising the nineteen-yearDB: Read ‘sixteen-year cycle’: CM (ed. Mommsen, §355) has sedecennalem for decemnoualem. Easter cycle, gave a motive for Joseph,DB: CM (ed. Mommsen, §355) reads Eusebio for Iosepho, i.e., Eusebius (i.e., Eusebius of Laodicea, friend of Anatolius (d.283), who he succeeded as bishop of Laodicea). Anatolius is now usually credited with establishing the initial nineteen-year cycle in the Church. See further Alden A. Mosshammer, The Easter Computus and the Origins of the Christian Era (Oxford, 2008), chapter 8. who set in order against him the nineteen-year cycle for Easter. In the 220th year ¶The blessed Cecilia the virgin, after she had instructed her husband Valerian and his brother Tiburtius to believe in Christ, and had then incited [them] to martyrdom, she was after their martyrdom perfected by noble suffering on the orders of the prefect Almachius. In the 221st year In the 222nd year Marcus Aurelius Antoninus died, and Aurelius Alexander took his place for 16 years. In his time Urban bishop of Rome led many nobles to the faith of Christ and to martyrdom. Origen of Alexandria was seen as brilliant by the whole of the world. ¶The emperor Alexander was especially devoted to his mother Mammaea, and on account of it beloved by all. Eventually she cared to hear Origen, and he had a call to Antioch with the highestDB: This is abbreviated from CM (Mommsen, §357, §359) to such an extent that there is a risk that a reader will not realise that curauit (‘cared’) and habuit (‘had’) have different subjects. ¶honour. In the 223rd year In the 224th year the blessed Pope Callixtus suffered martyrdom for the sake of Jesus. The emperor Alexander ordered him, subjected to a lengthy custody, to be racked with hunger, and struck daily with cudgels. At last, however, thrown through the window of the house in which he was being kept, he earned the triumph of victory; the blessed Urban succeeded him, governing the Church gloriously for 4 years, 11 months [and] 12 days. ¶St Martina, tortured by various kinds of torments, passed In the 225th year away to the Lord at last, struck by a sword. In the 226th year In the 227th year In the 228th year In the 229th year the blessed Pope Urban suffered martyrdom for the sake of Christ; the blessed Pontian succeeded him, ruling the Church for 5 years, 5 months [and] ten days. In the 230th year In the 231st year St Anthony is born. In the 232nd year In the 233rd year In the 234th year In the 235th year Aurelius Alexander died, and the empire fell to Maximinus. The emperor Maximinus perpetrates the persecution of priests and clerics and teachers of churches, especially because of the Christian household   of Alexander, who he had succeeded, and his mother Mammaea, or chiefly because he brought the priest Origen:DB: This sentence is almost identical to CM (ed. Mommsen, §361), where it reads more easily because it lacks duxit, ‘he brought’: uel precipue propter Origenem presbyterum, ‘or chiefly because of the priest Origen’. under him the blessed Pope Pontian is crowned with martyrdom. The blessed Anterus should be crowned [a martyr] under the same [emperor];DB: In other words, Pope Anterus’s death should be dated to Maximinus’s reign as emperor (rather than Gordian’s where it appears below, under AD 245). he was in charge of the Church of God for 12 years, 1 month [and] 15 days. ¶According to the M[artyrology], Pope Anterus suffered [martyrdom] under ¶Maximinus.DB: This appears to be citing a statement derived from the martyrology of Usuard (2 January: ed. Dubois, 153) as further evidence that Pope Anterus’s martyrdom was during Maximinus’s reign (see previous note). In the 236th year In the 237th year In the 238th year, when Maximinus had reigned for three years, Gordian succeeded to the empire of the Romans, and reigned for 7 years. In the 239th year ¶Julius the African is regarded as distinguished among ecclesiastical writers: he, in the chronicle he wrote, relates how he hurried to Alexandria, roused by the most celebrated reputation of Heraclas, who, both in divine and philosophical studies, rumour declared [to be] more informed than all the Greeks.DB: In CM (ed. Mommsen, §364) the final part of this sentence reads quem et in diuinis et in philosophicis studiis, atque omni Grecorum doctrina instructissimum fama loqueretur, ‘who rumour declared (to be) the most well informed in divine and in philosophical studies, and all learning of the Greeks’. By omitting doctrina and changing omni Grecorum to omnium Grecorum, atque in its usual sense (‘and’) is awkward, so maybe the less common ‘than’ may have been understood: see Lewis and Short under atque, II F (‘post-Aug prose with comparatives’, so treating instructissimum as a comparative expressed as a superlative); this is not attested, however, in DMLBS under atque. In the 240th year In the 241st year In the 242nd year In the 243rd year In the 244th year In the 245th year, after Pope Anterus had been conveyed to heaven, the blessed Fabian succeeded, governing the Church most gloriously for 13 years.DB: This contrasts with the statements in AD 235. In the 246th year, after Gordian emperor of the Romans died after the course of 7 years of his rule, Philip succeeded with Philip his son: he was, in fact, the first of the emperors to become a Christian. After the third year of his rule, the thousandth year from the founding of Rome was passed; so this anniversary, the most august of all gone by, was celebrated by the also ChristianDB: CM (ed. Mommsen, §367) has a Christiano (‘by the Christian’), rather than & Christiano, as here (‘also Christian’: see DMLBS under et 7a). emperor with splendid games. At this time Origen replies in eight volumes against a certain Celsus, and Epicurean philosopher, who had written books against us; he [Origen] had such zeal for writing that—so I can put it in a few words—Jerome at one point mentioned that he had read 5,000 books of his. In the 247th year In the 248th year In the 249th year ¶Alexander bishop of Jerusalem and Babylas of Antioch are slain at Caesarea of Palestine. However, as Bishop Dionysus of Alexandria relates, this persecution was not initiated by virtue of the emperor’s injunction, but the master of demons—who was called in [our city ‘the divine’]—procuredDB: CM (ed. Mommsen, §372) has preuenit (‘anticipated’) rather than inuenit (translated here, with some awkwardness, as ‘procured’: see DMLBS under inuenire 3). the original edicts by a whole year, [stirring up the superstitious public against us.]DB: Incomplete sentence. The phrases in [square brackets] translate the potentially ‘lost’ text that may have followed after f. 47 (see note in the transcription).